Polonnaruwa, the second ancient capital of Sri Lanka, stands as a testament to the grandeur and ingenuity of its medieval rulers. Serving as the capital from the 11th to the 13th century, Polonnaruwa is a well-preserved UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into the art, architecture, and cultural richness of Sri Lanka’s bygone era. With its elaborate royal palaces, monumental stupas, and intricately carved statues, Polonnaruwa remains a must-visit destination for those interested in the country’s history and culture.

Highlights & Must-Visit Places in Polonnaruwa

1. The Royal Palace (Vijayabahu’s Palace)
   The ruins of King Parakramabahu’s Royal Palace stand as a testament to the city’s former glory. The once-magnificent structure is believed to have had seven stories, of which only a few levels remain. The massive walls and intricate design provide insight into the grandeur of the ancient kingdom’s administrative and residential spaces.

2. Gal Vihara
   One of the most revered and iconic sites in Polonnaruwa, Gal Vihara is a set of four stunning rock-carved Buddha statues. The serene postures, from the reclining Buddha to the standing figure, showcase the exceptional skill of ancient Sinhalese artisans. These statues, carved out of a single granite rock, are revered for their spiritual significance and artistic beauty.

3. Parakrama Samudraya
   This vast man-made reservoir, constructed under King Parakramabahu I, is a remarkable example of ancient hydraulic engineering. Known as the Sea of Parakrama, the reservoir reflects the king’s philosophy that “not a drop of water should be wasted.” It continues to irrigate surrounding farmland and offers a tranquil setting for visitors to enjoy the scenic beauty of Polonnaruwa.

4. The Sacred Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa)
   The Sacred Quadrangle is an enclosed area that contains some of the most important religious structures in Polonnaruwa, including the Vatadage, a circular relic house believed to have housed the Buddha’s tooth relic. The quadrangle also features the Thuparama and Atadage, showcasing intricate carvings and Buddhist relics that highlight the city’s religious significance.

5. Rankoth Vehera
   This imposing stupa, built during the reign of King Nissanka Malla, is one of the largest stupas in Polonnaruwa. The Rankoth Vehera rises 54 meters high and dominates the skyline, reflecting the importance of Buddhism in the lives of the city’s inhabitants. The simplicity of its design contrasts with the more elaborate carvings seen elsewhere in the city, adding to its architectural appeal.

Why Visit Polonnaruwa?

Polonnaruwa offers a unique blend of historical grandeur and cultural richness, making it one of Sri Lanka’s most important ancient cities. As the country’s second capital, it represents a golden age of Sinhalese civilization, where art, architecture, and governance flourished. For visitors, Polonnaruwa presents an unparalleled opportunity to explore ancient royal palaces, stupas, temples, and statues that remain remarkably well-preserved.

Beyond its historical significance, Polonnaruwa is a peaceful, scenic destination where visitors can immerse themselves in the tranquil beauty of its ancient ruins surrounded by lakes and lush greenery. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a cultural traveler, or simply looking for a serene escape, Polonnaruwa offers an unforgettable journey into the heart of Sri Lanka’s medieval past.